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Abu al-Khayr Shams al-Din Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Yusuf al-Jazari (, 26 November 1350 – 2 December 1429), also known as Ibn al-Jazari () was one of the prominent scholars of the 15th century and is considered one of the greatest Quranic reciters in Islamic History. He was a distinguished and prolific scholar in the field of the qira'at of the Quran to whom al-Suyuti regarded as the "ultimate authority on these matters". His works on tajwid and qira'at are considered classics. He was a noted authority in hadith studies, Islamic jurisprudence, history, and Arabic.
Imam al-Jazari was noted to have memorized over 100,000 Hadiths, along with acquiring mastery in Hadith, law, and qirā'āh. Al-Sakhawi mentions, “Many scholars had granted him licenses to issue legal verdicts, lecturing, and teaching the sciences of qirā'ah.”
He travelled to Damascus, Mecca, Medina, Cairo, Alexandria, and studied the sciences of qira'at from about 40 experts. Following that, he was chosen to hold the position of Shaykh al-Qurrā in Damascus. The Levant was then a province of the Egyptian monarchy. Imam al-Jazari was appointed as the head of the educational department of al-Jāmi’ah al-Salāhiyyah by Barquq, the monarch of Egypt.
He was appointed Qadi (judge) of Shām in 797 AH by Amīr Altamash, the ruler of the Levant. However, Imam al-Jazari disagreed with the administration on significant issues pertaining to the judicial position. Furthermore, the central authority started to mistreat him as a result of the planning of some people who were jealous of him. He ultimately made the decision to relocate from Damascus to Bursa in present-day Turkey. Knowing Imam al-Jazari well, the Turkish king, Bayezid I, treated him with immense honour and respect. He asked Imam al-Jazari to settle down in Bursa permanently, and Imam al-Jazari agreed. The results of his publications and talks started to emerge after that. He was a great asset to those who appreciated his knowledge, particularly the qirā'ah students.
Timur had set out to conquer Turkey in 805 AH with the intention of toppling the Bāyazīd government. Bayezid I was captured and after being detained, Bayezid passed away in custody. In addition to accumulating wealth and treasure, Timur was keen to bring together leading authorities from a range of disciplines and sciences to his realm in Samarqand. Timur dutifully arranged for Imam al-Jazari and a few other chosen scholars to accompany him on his journey. He brought them with him to Transoxiana's major cities of education, right in the middle of the royal army. Once they had read Imam Jazari's published works, they were much more appreciative of his wisdom and saw it as a tremendous blessing. This was at the time when Imam al-Jazari was visiting these cities. Timur held Imam al-Jazari in high regard and had faith in him. He believed that Imam al-Jazari "was a person who would experience clairvoyance (kashf) and would be blessed with visions of the Muhammad sallallahu `alayhi wa sallam whenever he wished."
Following Timur's death in 807 AH, Imam al-Jazari travelled via Greater Khorasan, Herat, Yazd, and Isfahan on his way to Shiraz. In 808 AH, he arrived in Shiraz. Pīr Muhammad, the Shiraz governor and Timur's paternal grandson, was deeply convinced of and respected Imam Jazari. He gave Imam Jazari the mandate to remain in Shiraz and elevated him to the rank of Chief Judge. In 827 AH, Imam al-Jazari left Shiraz for the Hajj pilgrimage following a protracted stay there. Following the Hajj, he journeyed to Cairo, where he was visited by scholars and pupils from distant locations. In Cairo, hordes of Qurrā and scholars could be seen, all hoping to get Ijazah from him. A youthful Ibn Hajr al-Asqalani, who would later become the well-known author of Fath al-Bari, was among these groups of experts. Furthermore, Imam al-Jazari gave ijāzāt and gave lessons on the Musnad Ahmad, Musnad al-Shafi'i, and other books. Ibn al-Jazari taught several students including Sidi Boushaki (1394-1453)
Upon his return to Shiraz, Imam al-Jazari established Dār al-Qur'ān, a sizable seminary. He had already founded a seminary with the same name in Damascus. This seminary is sometimes incorrectly called "Dār al-Qurrā". Al-Jazari died at the age of 79 on Friday 2 December 1429 (5 Rabi' al-awwal 833 AH) in Shiraz, Iran. He was buried inside the Dār al-Qur'ān seminary's walls.
Al-Suyuti said: “When it came to the science of qirā’ah he was unparalleled in the world during his time, and he was a hāfiž of Hadith.”
Al-Shawkani said: “He was unmatched in the science of qirā’ah in the entire world.”
Abd al-Hayy al-Lucknawi said: “Amongst the glorious personalities of Islam in the 8th century were Zain al-Din al-'Iraqi, Shams al-Dīn Jazari, and Siraj al-Din al-Bulqini.”
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